Gambling authorities are there to ensure that the gaming industry is operating correctly. The Most Common Numbers in Keno Keno is a gambling game very similar to bingo or lotto. While it was originally played in China, keno made its way to the US around the mid-19th century and became very popular. Today, you can play keno in almost every US state that allows this type of gambling. One of the most technical explanations of how a video keno game works was delivered to me from a reader who claims to have received the information from a former technician of a major slot manufacturer. Now, I don’t endorse this explanation or suggest that it is a true reflection of how keno machines work.
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One of the most common questions you’ll see about anything in the casino gambling industry relates to “honesty”. You’ll see this question asked about every casino game under the sun. You’ll also see it asked about every casino, especially the online gambling sites.
In this post, I want to address this specific question:
Are slot machines honest?
How Do You Define Honest?
When I use Google to look for a definition of honesty, I see some of the following definitions listed:
- “Free of deceit and untruthfulness”
- “Sincere”
- “Morally correct or virtuous”
- “Fairly earned, through hard work”
I think most people are thinking of the first definition when they ask whether slots games are honest. They want to make sure they’re not being cheated. In this context, the answer is yes, slot machines are honest. I’ll explain why in detail in the rest of this post.
In the second context, where “honest” means “sincere”—I’m less sure. Are the casinos sincere when they want you to think you’re able to win money? I think so, but they know in the long run, anyone who plays slots long enough will lose all their money.
In the third and fourth contexts, I’d have to say that slot machines are NOT honest. Slot machines are closer to morally neutral than they are to sinful, but you might have a different belief system about such things. It’s hard to say that slots don’t appeal to one of the seven deadly sins, though (greed).
I’m not sure anyone could (or would) consider money won on a slot machine “earned” or to have anything to do with “hard work”. It’s a game of luck. If you win, then you got lucky—it has nothing to do with working hard or being smart.
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I’ll explain more about that later in this post, too.
How a Slot Machine Works Mathematically
Answering the question “are slot machines honest?” begins with learning how the games work mathematically. The math behind the games is easier to understand than most people probably think.
The first concept to understand is basic probability. When someone says “probability”, they’re talking about the mathematical likelihood that something is going to happen. That “something” is called an event.
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The probability of an event is always represented as a number between 0 and 1. An event that will always occur no matter what has a probability of 1. An event that will never occur has a probability of 0. An event that will occur half the time has a probability of 0.5.
For simplicity’s sake, and to make understanding the concept easier, I just used whole numbers and decimals in the previous paragraph. But probabilities are almost always expressed as percentages or fractions.
How to Express Probability as a Percentage
You’re watching the evening news, and the meteorologist says there’s a 50% chance of rain tomorrow.
That means it’s just about as likely to rain as it is to not rain.
Here’s another example:
You flip a coin. You have a 50% chance of it landing on heads. You also have a 50% chance of it landing on tails.
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If you add the probabilities of all possible events together, you always get a total of 1 (or 100%).
Probability is the mathematical engine that makes gambling games possible.
How to Calculate a Probability
Here’s how you calculate a probability:
You take the number of ways an event can happen. You divide that by all the total events possible (including what can happen and what happens if it doesn’t.)
You’re rolling a single six-sided die. You want to know the probability of getting a 6.
There are 6 possible outcomes. Only one of them is a 6.
The probability of getting a 6 is 1/6.
Another way to express that is using odds, which can be useful when calculating whether a bet is expected to be mathematically profitable or not.
Odds expresses the number of ways something can’t happen versus the number of ways it can happen.
In the six-sided die example, the odds of getting a 6 are 5 to 1. You have 5 ways of NOT rolling a 1, and only 1 way of rolling a 1.
If you want to calculate a probability that includes the word “or”, you add the probabilities of the events together.
If you want to calculate a probability that includes the word “and”, you multiply the probabilities by each other.
You want to know the probability of getting a 1 or a 2 on a roll of a six-sided die. The probability of each is 1/6.
1/6 + 1/6 = 2/6
You can reduce that to 1/3.
Here’s another example:
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You roll 2 dice. You want to know the probability of getting a 6 on both dice. The probability of each is 1/6.
1/6 X 1/6 = 1/36
Applying Probability to a Simple Hypothetical Slot Machine Game
But how does all this apply to the honesty of slot machines?
I’ll use a super simple hypothetical slot machine game to explain how this probability affects the integrity of the game.
This super simple game has 3 symbols on each reel—an orange, a lemon, and a cherry.
The probability of getting a lemon on the first reel is 1/3.
The probability of getting a lemon on the second reel is also 1/3.
In fact, it’s the same on each reel.
But the game only pays off if you get 3 of the same symbol on each reel.
The probability of that is 1/3 X 1/3 X 1/3, or 1/9.
Let’s suppose the payoff for getting 3 lemons is 4 for 1.
And let’s suppose the payoff for getting 3 cherries is 3 for 1.
Finally, we’ll suppose the payoff for getting 3 oranges is even money.
- The probability of winning 4 coins is 1/9.
- The probability of winning 3 coins is also 1/9.
- The probability of winning 1 coin is also 1/9.
- The probability of winning nothing is 6/9, or 2/3.
Now let’s suppose you’re putting $1 in on every spin, and you play 9 spins, getting every possible result once.
You win 4 coins once. You win 3 coins once. You win 1 coin once. That’s a total of 8 coins you’ve won.
But you’ve inserted 9 coins into the game.
Where did the extra coin go?
In the pockets of the casino, that’s where.
By setting up the payoffs so that they’re lower than the odds of winning, the casino sets up a situation where it’s guaranteed a mathematical profit over the long run.
Of course, most modern slot machines aren’t quite this simple. They have more symbols on each reel, for one thing. For another, the probability of getting a particular symbol might be different from the probability of getting another symbol.
For example, you might have a 2/3 probability of getting a pear, and only a 1/24 probability of getting a cherry.
What Happens in the Long Run vs. the Short Term?
By manipulating the payoffs and the probabilities of the symbols, the casino can guarantee that over a long period and many spins, they’ll profit.
But in the short run, a player might win a big jackpot or lose several times in a row.
That’s the nature of random events. In the short run, anything can happen. In the long run, the numbers get closer to the theoretical probability.
This is obvious when you look at it with an extreme example.
On an infinite number of spins, your average loss per spin will mirror the mathematical expectation.
The closer you get to an infinite number of spins, the closer you’ll get to the mathematical expectation.
Do Slot Machines Cheat?
The casinos don’t need to cheat to make a healthy profit.
The slot machine designers and manufacturers don’t need to cheat to make a healthy profit.
In fact, in well-regulated jurisdictions (like Nevada), games are thoroughly audited for fairness. When they’re auditing a game for fairness, one of the things they check is whether a game has a jackpot that’s impossible to win.
That’s the main concern many players have when they ask if slot machines cheat.
Does the game have jackpots that are impossible to win?
The short answer in almost every case is no, they don’t.
But you have no way of knowing what the probability of winning that jackpot is. Slot machine games have opaque odds and probabilities. The results are generated by a computer program called a random number generator (RNG).
The only people who know the exact settings for that RNG are the designers and the casino managers.
In fact, you could be playing two identical slot machines located right next to each on the casino floor and have different odds of winning. Not only is this legal, it’s common.
Does that sound like cheating?
By the strict letter of the law, it’s not.
Is it honest?
I’d say yes. Having two games next to each other offering different odds is intentionally misleading. It’s legal, but it’s not sincere in any way.
Online slot machines are no different, except that in some cases, these games HAVE been known to cheat. But not reputable casinos and not reputable software providers.
How do they cheat?
They set up games which are impossible to win.
The reasons baffle me. You stand to make far more money in the long run if you offer an honest game.
Even an idiot can tell after a while that he’s never going to win a rigged casino game on the Internet.
But otherwise smart people will continue to deposit money and wager it at a breakneck pace if they’re winning something every now and then, even if they’re showing a net loss over time.
That’s how gambling works.
What About Video Poker Games?
You need to understand immediately that video poker games are NOT the same thing as slot machine games. They look similar on the surface, but the math and the gameplay couldn’t be more different. And the philosophy behind these games is different, too.
Here’s why:
A video poker machine uses a random number generator that duplicates the odds found in a 52-card deck of cards. You know the probability of getting a specific symbol. Any specific card has a 1/52 probability of appearing.
A card of a specific suit has a ¼ probability of appearing. A card of a specific rank has a 1/13 probability of appearing.
Payback Percentages and the House Edge
Knowing this enables mathematicians and computer programs to calculate the actual payback percentage for these games.
What’s a payback percentage?
It’s the percentage of each bet that’s paid back to the player on average in the long run. It’s the opposite of the house edge.
On a slot machine, you have no way of calculating a game’s payback percentage. It’s impossible, because you have no way of knowing the probability of getting a specific symbol.
But on a video poker game, you can calculate all the possibilities. And since you know how much the game pays out for various combinations, you can add the expected value of each to get an overall payback percentage for the game.
And you know what’s even better than this?
The payback percentages for video poker games are significantly higher than the payback percentages on slot machines in almost every case.
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Even the worst video poker game usually has a payback percentage of 95% or so. But the better games offer payback percentages in the 98%+ range. Some (rare) games have pay tables which offer a slightly positive game for the player, like 100.2%. But those numbers assume perfect strategy on your part.
But even the best slot machine games usually have a payback percentage in the 95% range. The more common games slip down into the lower 92% or so range.
Expected Hourly Loss Rates in Slot Machine Games vs. Video Poker Games
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What does this mean to your bankroll?
Let’s look at how much money you can mathematically expect to lose playing 2 different games:
We’ll start with an average slot machine game with a 94% payback percentage. You’re playing for $1 per spin, and you’re making 600 spins per hour. You expect to win 94% of each bet back, which means you expect to lose 6% of each bet.
6% of $600 is $36, which is the amount the casino expects you to lose on this game on average over time.
Then we’ll consider a 9/6 Jacks or Better game which you’re playing with perfect strategy. The payback percentage for this game is 99.54%, which means the house edge is 0.46%.
We’ll assume you’re playing a quarter machine and betting 5 coins per hand. You’re putting a little more money into action on each bet–$1.25. Most video poker players are as fast as slot machine players; they play 600 hands per hour. That’s $750/hour in action.
But with a house edge of 0.54%, your expected loss on that kind of action is only $3.77.
That’s right.
Playing slots costs you 10 times as much as playing video poker.
Video poker offers other advantages over slots, too. One of these is the skill element. You might not want to think about what you’re doing when you’re gambling.
But if you’re anything like me, you want to be able to at least exert a little bit of control over your destiny.
In video poker, you get to do that. The decisions you make playing each hand have a direct effect on your bottom line.
Play your hands well, and you’ll be playing one of the best gambling games in the house.
Should You Play Slot Machines at All?
This is a legitimate question. Should you play slot machines at all?
Here are some pros and cons of playing slots:
Pros:
- You can win bigger jackpots on slot machine games than any other gambling game except maybe keno. If you’re looking for a life-changing jackpot, like you’d see if you won a lotto drawing, slots are the way to go.
- They require little in the way of attention or effort on the part of the player. This suits some temperaments just fine. Relaxing in front of the spinning reels seems like a good deal for a lot of people.
- They’re available in an endless variety. You can find a slot machine game with any theme you can imagine. Love Elvis Presley? You’ll find a slot machine for it. Play Dungeons & Dragons when you were 12? There’s a slot for that, too. The themes and games are almost endless.
Cons:
- They offer some of the worst odds in the house. The house edge for slot machines vary widely. Some of them might offer good odds, but most of them have a house edge of between 5% and 10%. This isn’t awful. After all, roulette has a house edge of 5.26%. The problem is that slots play so fast that you can easily put more money into an action than you thought you could.
- You can’t figure out what the odds are. I have a philosophical problem with slot machine games. No other casino game is opaque about your odds. You can calculate the house edge for any table game in the casino. You can calculate it for video poker, too. But you’re never given the information you need to figure out the house edge on a slot machine. This is unacceptable to me.
- They’re designed to be addictive. Slot machine manufacturers spend millions doing research into what kinds of stimuli are going to put most people into the “flow” state. Flow is great if you’re interested in personal productivity at work, but if you’re playing a gambling game, it’s awful. No other casino game is as addictive as a slot machine.
Conclusion
Yes, slot machines are honest—in a manner of speaking, anyway. Casinos don’t make claims about slot machines that are blatantly untrue. If a game has a maximum jackpot of $1 million, you do have a chance of winning that much money.
What you don’t know is how likely or unlikely it is to win that amount.
Is this disingenuous on the part of the casinos?
I think it is, at least to some extent.
But all casino games have math behind them that puts the odds in the casino’s favor. That’s just the nature of the games. Slots are no different in that respect.
No matter which casino game you play, if you stick with it long enough, you’ll eventually lose all your money.
The only exceptions are certain games that can be played with advantage techniques, but that’s another subject entirely.
The only way for you to get an edge against a slot machine game is to cheat.
In most jurisdictions, cheating is blatantly illegal. You’re better off learning to play poker at an expert level, or learning how to count cards in blackjack.
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Of the various Keno tips and tricks you should take in, the first is to have a stable perception of the crucial redirection. The preoccupation incorporates 80 numbered balls that are pulled from an air stash once they are blended up. One ball is picked without a moment’s delay, and the number got out or generally perceived. Each player has a card with numbers on it. As a number shows up, he or she indicate the number off if they have it on their card. A total of 20 balls is drawn out for every diversion. One a greater amount of the Keno tips and hoodwinks you have to learn needs to do with wagering. The consequence of a preoccupation much of the time depends on upon what number of numbers a player has on his or her card. Before playing, each player will make his wager. An assortment of the delight incorporates players picking their particular numbers, in the region of 1 and 20, on which they put a bet assuming that the numbers that they choose will be the ones pulled from the air stash. Portion varies on what number of figures are correct.
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- A champion among the most Keno tips and traps to comprehend is this is not a session of slant. Players have all around that matters no effect over the numbers hauled out of the air take. The guideline level of control a player has depends on upon his or her capacity to pick the right numbers, which is often primarily an issue of ideal good fortune. It regards survey that in this distraction the fewer numbers you select, the better your chances of winning. The significance of picking less numbers is an essential Keno tip and trap and ought not to be diminished. Taking all things into account, it is immaculate to pick ten or fewer numbers. Remember, nevertheless, the different clubhouse know this trap also and may oblige players to choose no under ten numbers with a specific good goal to play. One a more noteworthy measure of the Keno tips and traps to survey is that when picking fewer numbers the result is all around less.
- An incredibly comprehended Keno tip and the trap are to pick consecutive numbers. Many experienced players accept that picking numbers that are in the dynamic request will produce the chances of winning something amidst the pleasure. Along those same lines, different players will propose that you play a near number, or numbers, again and again. The considering being this Keno tip is that sooner or later that number, or numbers, will hit. One a more noteworthy measure of the Keno tips and traps that old timekeepers will utilize is to screen the triumphant actions of past beguilements and playing those numbers that have not flown up yet.
- With a particular ultimate objective to be a fruitful keno villain, it knows the distinctive sorts of diversions being publicized. This licenses you to make the perfect arrangement for winning stores of money and furthermore keeping away from getting got at the same time. You should observe that while the going with redirections may fluctuate in development and presentation, their fundamental nature remains relative. Players make their wager, pick no less than one numbers, and after that get a payout in light of what number of their decisions turn up. Keno Drawings The most ordinary kind of the diversion incorporates a physical illustration highlighting numbered balls. The range where the picture happens is ordinarily known as the “keno corner,” and the system for choosing numbers takes one of two structures.
- Blower: Air is obliged into a holder to ensure that the balls are properly consolidated. Each triumphant ball is then blown into a precise tube for gathering and check.
- Ball Cage: The numbered balls are set in a metal pen, spun around to ensure an unpredictable result, and after that moved into an opening for endorsement by an affirmed individual.
- Keno Slot Machines: The player must store credits into the machine to start, and the accompanying step incorporates picking a movement of numbers (generally 10 to 20). The machine will then pick the triumphant digits using a subjective number generator and pay out for any matches. Champs may press a catch to get their prize rapidly, or they can use the awards to back coming about entertainments.
- Online Keno: After using their Mastercard to enroll a record, players will have the ability to play keno online by putting down their bets and picking a movement of numbers (usually from four to 20). After the decisions have been made, the web-based programming will pick numbers capriciously and allow players in light of many matches. Any prizes will be thus credited to the player’s record.
- The going with territory purposes of intrigue a part of the best ways to deal with cheat at the session of keno. The bulk of these are dubious, be that as it may, anyone endeavoring to trap a club is in all probability slanted to flights of support regardless. Remember, indeed trying any of these could realize catch, arraignment, and confinement.
- Work at Booth: This system used to work for a couple of agents at Blue Springs Keno in Nebraska two or three years back. After each drawing, they would set aside the last winning ball and put down a single number wager on it. By then, in the midst of the accompanying drawing, they would make it appear like this ball had turned up as a victory before long. They won $1000 each time they adequately pulled this trap, yet they were at last gotten in the exhibition and blamed for encroachment of the lottery showing, legal offense burglary, and using a lottery device for tracking.
- Fake Tickets: Each time you play at a land-based club, you’re given a ticket that joins the numbers you’ve picked. Once the drawing happens, you can take this ticket back to the keno corner and accumulate your prizes. However, think about how possible it is that you could make sense of how to make fake tickets. In the circumstance, you could hold up until the triumphant numbers are drawn and after that make a receipt that matches the results you look for. In case it was basic, in any case, you can bet that some individual would have done it now (unless, apparently, they’ve never been gotten).
- Arrange the Machine: The automatic adjustment of keno is hard to cheat at as a result of the closeness of a random number generator. Regardless, this item is arranged by a human, so developing a fitness in the field may allow you to get an occupation at a firm that makes electronic keno entertainments for betting clubs. When you rose to the position of designer, you would be in a position to disturb the machines. Perhaps you could program the device to pass on a specific 20-digit set of numbers when the machine’s gets were crushed in a particular form. This might be unimaginable, yet it’s the kind of thing that would work in a Hollywood film.
- Pull Off a Caper of Movie: When attractive hoodlums team up in a heist film, there’s no limitation to what they can satisfy. If you happen to look like Brad Pitt or George Clooney, I propose gathering a dream gathering of cute nonconformists to hit the Keno redirections at some of most noteworthy betting clubs in Las Vegas. You’ll doubtlessly require a trapeze artist, someone who’s awesome at lying, a provocative female partner, and a more settled interface who’s foes with an area Vegas clubhouse proprietor. I don’t appreciate what the course of action would include, nonetheless I’m betting it would incorporate dramatization, to some degree estimation, and a couple of close shaves. Perhaps every keno ball could be stacked with different measures of little metal shavings, and after that, a strong magnet could be changed to pull up concrete balls in the midst of the drawing. Finally, you and your amigos would escape with the loot while your adversary would take after a trap. If you’re blessed, you may even get the young woman. As you may have seen, making sense of how to cheat at keno requires a particular level of innovative capacity. Considering the colossal totals of money on hold, this shouldn’t come as a remarkable wonder. On the off chance that you’re entirely serious about making a fortune from wagering, keno gives an opportunity to win with an immaterial wander. Tragically, the high possibilities against the player make diversions, for instance, blackjack and video poker more sensible decisions.
What numbers should I pick ?
Keno is a betting club beguilement with standards, which can be differentiated and that of the lottery and bingo. Keno is practically identical with these two redirections as in the lucky numbers are heedlessly picked by a PC. The keno player also selects that number on a keno ticket. Keno is not the same as the lottery since Keno uses a payout date-book to choose how much a player will get the numbers that they will get. The keno ticket has the numbers one to eighty. In most keno entertainments, the players may pick one to fifteen numbers. Some exceptional keno beguilements allow the players to pick up to twenty numbers on their ticket. This is the place keno contrasts from playing the lottery. You may feel that since you are allowed to get to twenty numbers on your keno ticket, your chances of winning will augment as you addition the spaces that you take. That is not by any means honest to goodness. Picking many numbers on your keno ticket will extend your chances of having a match with the winning numbers. Regardless, the more numbers on your keno ticket that you pick, the more games that will be required before you get a payout. We should take playing for six spaces on your keno ticket for example. In case you pick six numbers, three of these figures need to arrange the lucky numbers before you can get a payout from the betting club. You have to check the keno payouts of the club to choose what number of numbers are required to arrange for a number of openings that you play. When playing Keno, the best number of spaces that you should play is from four to eight. If you play more than eight openings on your keno ticket, you will be required to have number matches before getting a payout. If you play lower than four openings on the keno ticket, the club payout is small. Additionally that the probability of those numbers to be picked is low as well. Picking under four numbers on your keno ticket just forms the house edge. Another good position of just snatching to eight openings in keno is, if you arrange each one of the numbers, your payout on a quarter bet won’t oblige you to pay surveys on your prizes. Isn’t that uncommon? Your odds of winning are extended, and meanwhile, you get the chance to capitalize on your payout in full.
Keno Odds
- No worries by any extent of the creative ability. No one expects that you will predict each one of the 20 numbers. Honestly, the odds of picking the right 20 winning numbers toward the complete of a keno preoccupation are so remote (as said over) that most betting clubs don’t have a pay scale for precisely expecting each one of the 20.Since 20 out of 80 numbers will be picked toward the complete of the diversion, you have a 1 in 4 plausibilities of being right in case you select just 1 number on your keno card. If the betting clubs paid sensibly, you would win $4 on a $1 wager. Since you’re quite recently going to be paid $3 for winning, you can see that the more you play keno, the more money you are most likely going to lose. Despite the way that the pay scales in keno vacillate beginning with one betting club then onto the following, the payouts are chosen by a danger compensate extent that looks good.
- If you pick just a single number on your card and it is one of the 20 numbers drawn toward the complete of the diversion, then you had 1 “get” out of 1 attempt, and you should expect something like a 3-for-1 payout. In case you picked two numbers and they both came up (for two escapes two decisions), then you could expect something like a 12-for-1 payout. If you pick ten numbers and catch 6 of them, you’ll win more than the individual who picked 10 and just got 5.
- This is the reason persons who play keno ought to avoid every one of the creative energies and unusual varieties permitted by the gambling clubs. The main fortunate thing about keno is that each amusement occurs significantly more gradually than a hand of blackjack or a series of pokies machine play. With keno, what the house picks up on edge, it loses in productivity (where effectiveness is measured in the ratio of dollars every second that leaves your pocket). These varieties permit you to make different bets without a moment’s delay, so a solitary keno card can cost as much as you need to spend on it. On the off chance that you demand to play keno, it regards have a straightforward bankroll and be moderate and also sticks to it.